The Activity Dawn Chose For This Assignment Was To Take

The activity Dawn chose for this assignment was to take her mother, friends, and family to a fundraiser for AIDS Care Ocean State, RI’s largest HIV/AIDS services organization hosts the most fabulous, outlandish and wildly popular fundraising event for the agency, Drag bingo! Every month of the year is themed differently and the agency encourages bingo- goers to dress up and decorate their tables per the theme of the month. Drag bingo is certainly entertaining, and a lot of fun! The cost of the bingo was $20 and included a package of twenty pages of bingo cards with nine cards per page, special bingos can also be purchased for an additional dollar, refreshments were also available for purchase or you could bring your own which is what Dawn†¦show more content†¦Although usage of the two words has not been uniform, homophobia has typically been employed to describe individual antigay attitudes and behaviors whereas heterosexism has referred to societal-level ideologies and patterns of institutionalized oppression of non-heterosexual people Additionally, Institutionalized heterosexism was very apparent in the film â€Å"For the Bible Tells Me So†? We meet five Christian families, each with a gay or lesbian child. Parents talk about their marriages and churchgoing, their children s childhood and coming out, their reactions, and changes over time. The stories told by these nine parents and four adult children alternate with talking heads - Protestant and Jewish theologians - and with film clips of fundamentalist preachers and pundits and news clips of people in the street. They discuss scripture and biblical scholarship. A thesis of the film is that much of Christianity s homophobia represents a misreading of scripture, a denial of science, and an embrace of quack psychology. The families call for love. Subsequently, after viewing the film, several families expressed their concerns regarding the sexual preference of their children. SomeShow MoreRelated Pakistan Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pages comparable to ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China. In 1700 B.C., many Aryans migrated from the north bringing Sanskrit, the ancestor language of the modern Pakistan language, along with customs and religious traditions (Lands and People). That was the start of present-day Pakistan. Alexander the Great invaded Pakistan in 327 B.C. and took rule during the Persian Achaemenid dynasty. In 711 Arab Muslims crossed the Arabian Sea and invaded Sind, introducing Islam to Pakistan. From then on IslamRead MoreA Interview On Craven Community College Campus1771 Words   |  8 Pagesyour personal history/story or any conversion experience into your religion? She was born and raised in Indonesia, one of the largest Muslim countries in the world. She was born into the Muslim religion. Indonesia is also a pluralistic religion. They do have national holidays for other religions too. What is your view of the divine? Muslim is a monotheistic religion. It is very similar to Christianity and Judaism in this respect. Muslims do believe in one Holy Power called Allah (God) just like ChristiansRead MoreEvery Good Story Requires Its Villains, Heroes and Heroines. the Study of Management Is No Different and a Perusal of Organisational Textbooks, More Often Than Not, Depicts F. W. Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory as3220 Words   |  13 PagesBOLTON UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF WELLBEING AND SOCIAL SCIENCE BUSINESS SCHOOL Module Name and number: Managing Organisational Behaviour. (BAM2002) Tutor: Tony CARDEN Assignment Number: 1 of 2 (50%) Assignment Length: 2500 words Submission Deadline: Monday 19th March 2012 (Week 7) Assignment Title: Every good story requires its villains, heroes and heroines. The study of management is no different and a perusal of Organisational Textbooks, more often than not, depictsRead MoreOBU ACCA BSC Hons RAP on Topic 8 - The Business and Financial Performance of an Organization over a three year period8767 Words   |  36 PagesResearch and Analysis Project 1 Were committed to providing 100% plagiarism free academic assignments i.e. Course work, Homework assignments, thesis, dissertations, HND/HNC Business assignments, Oxford Brookes (OBU) BSC Hons Applied Accounting ACCA Thesis (RAP, SLS, PPT), Essays and Term/Research papers etc. Pay in instalments and that too after you receive the first draft. Please visit and like our Facebook page www.facebook.com/assignmentwritingservices/ to avail our special discount packagesRead MoreTraining Program For An Organization s Performance3032 Words   |  13 PagesTraining is one of the mediations of human resource development process for cultivating competence, and for the critical goal of raising the standard of an organization’s performance. Training programs are focused on developing activities, that are appropriate and applicable to guarantee the success of an organization’s needs. Identifying of training needs hold the key to the attainment of any training program. Based on training need assessments, training programs are prepared as a answer to theRead More Home Schools V.S. Public Schools Essay2756 Words   |  12 PagesEvenstar mentioned, â€Å"At first the transition was difficult because I was so used to the public schools system of doing things, but later I became better adapted.† When asked what advantages she felt she gained from her home school experience, Evenstar replied, â€Å"A lot.† She then went on to explain how she got ahead of students her age at public schools; â€Å"I got way ahead in my math classes. While most students in my grade at public schools were taking algebra, I was taking geometry.† Evenstar had the abilityRead MoreThe Effect of Stress on University Students8911 Words   |  36 Pagespeople and events as potentially dangerous or relatively innocuous (Roberts amp; White, 1989) Stress can cause us significant problem. Stress releases powerful neuron- chemicals and hormones that prepare us for action (to fight or flee). If we do not take action, the stress responses can lead to health problems. Prolonged, uninterrupted, unexpected, and unmanageable stresses are the most damaging types of stress situation (Camille Worthmanamp;Loftus, 1992).It is impossible ,to live without some stressRead MoreStrategic Human Resources Management at FedEx2549 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Strategic Human Resources Management at FedEx Final Assignment Frances Brown BUS 692: Strategies in Human Resource Management Dr. Jillian Yarbrough Contents Executive Summary 4 Company History and Overview 4 TQM and Service Management 6 Job Pricing and Compensation Package 8 Technological Considerations 10 HMR Recommendations 11 Conclusion 13 Works Cited 14 Executive Summary FedEx has had a long history of providing the most reliable service in their industry. AsRead MoreRonald Reagan Bibliography Essay3427 Words   |  14 PagesRonald Reagan Ronald Reagan came from humble beginnings. He was born on February 6, 1911 in the town of Tampico, Illinois. His parents were Jack and Nelle. Jack Reagan was an unsuccessful salesman who was also known as an alcoholic. His mother, Nelle Wilson Reagon was a devout farmwoman who raised Ronald and his older brother, Neil, in the Disciples of Christ Church despite their father s Catholicism. The family moved frequently, sometimes in response to new job opportunities, sometimes afterRead MoreGlobalization, Liberalization and Privatization of Aviation Industry: Emerging Legal Issues4673 Words   |  19 PagesPROJECT ASSIGNMENT- AVIATION LAW-I Project Title: â€Å"Globalization, Liberalization and Privatization of Aviation Industry: Emerging Legal issues.† SUBMITTED BY: K.HARISH (2010-2011) CONTENTS * Globalization of Aviation Regulations * INDUSTRY OVERVIEW * NORTH AMERICAN INDUSTRY OVERVIEW * Liberalization of Aviation IndustrY * AIR TRAVEL MARKET * GROWTH: INDIAN TRAVEL IS ON A ROLL * Privatization of Aviation Industry Globalization of Aviation Regulations: With the advent of

Market Structure and Market Failures in Sri Lankan Tobacco...

Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO TOBACCO CURRENT MARKET IN SRI LANKA 2 2.0 SRI LANKAN TOBACCO MARKET STRUCTURE ANALYSIS 3 2.1 THE PRIVATE AND SOCIAL COSTS OF SMOKING 5 2.1.1 Private Costs and Social Costs of Smoking 5 2.1.2 Explaining the Market Failure 5 3.0 TAXATION AND REGULATIONS 7 3.1 COMMAND AND CONTROL OF THE INDUSTRY 7 3.2 INDIRECT TAXES AND PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND 9 4.0 PROBLEMS AND FUTURE FORECAST 10 4.1 PROBLEMS 10 4.2 FUTURE FORECAST 11 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 12 REFERENCES 14 1.0 Introduction to Tobacco Current Market in Sri Lanka Farming: The number of registered tobacco growers rose during the 1980s and most of the 1990s, but fell sharply in 1998 and 1999. It is estimated that tobacco growing provides between 5,355†¦show more content†¦Bargaining power of suppliers †¢ Bargaining power of the tobacco leaf growers are low. Since subsidiary companies operate leaf growing programs through which they provide direct agronomy support to farmers if it is not otherwise available. So CTC has the direct control over the leaf growers. Even though the import option is also available bargaining power of international suppliers also high due to huge demand worldwide. †¢ When it comes to the tobacco leafs there exists low presents of substitutes. Threats of substitute †¢ Threats of substitute are low †¢ Herbal cigarettes, Weed, Marijuana, Cannabis, Nicotine Patches, Nicotine Gums, Nicotine inhalers are among the substitutes. †¢ Since high impose of the regulations and taxes, increasing number of illicit cigarettes can be seen. Rivalry Among competitors †¢ There is low concentration of companies therefore competition is very low, the fact that there is heavy branding and brand loyalty supports this. In fact CTC is playing the monopolistic role where it enjoys the abnormal profits with the high market share. 2.1 The Private and Social Costs of Smoking Smoking creates a difference between private and social costs and benefits. Cigarette consumers derive private benefit from smoking and their habit entails a private cost. But the act of consumption creates negative externalities so that the social cost of exceeds the private cost. It is unlikely the smokers consider the external costs they areShow MoreRelatedDoing Business in the Asia/Pacific Rim Region31325 Words   |  126 Pages6534-5155 PHONE +(65) 6534-2622 FAX www.wrp.com.sg Contact Attorney: Rajaram Ramiah rr@wrp.com.sg SRI LANKA SINGAPORE Yoon Yang Kim Shin Yu 19th Floor, ASEM Tower 159-1 Samsung-Dong, Gangnam-Gu Seoul 135-798 Korea +(82-2) 6003-7000 PHONE +(82-2) 6003-7804 FAX www.hwawoo.com Contact Attorney: Jay K. Lee jklee@hwawoo.com THAILAND SOUTH KOREA Nithya Partners No. 51, Gregory’s Road Colombo 7 Sri Lanka +94-11-4712-625 PHONE +94-11-2695-223 FAX www.nithyapartners.com Contact Attorney: ChanakaRead MoreWorking Capital Management8877 Words   |  36 Pagesstatements will also assist in analyzing the profitability of the years and with the figures of the competitive firm in the industry for making analysis of relative efficiency. In sri-lanka, selected all listed companies are divided as the sectors by Colombo stock exchange. Here researcher considers Impact of working capital management on profitability of the five firms in trading industry in listed companies and do research based on the five years data between the 2003-2007 1.2. Research problem ResearchRead MoreManagement and Teaching Note19520 Words   |  79 Pagescases from all sources. Visit www.ecch.com to subscribe. Economics, Politics and Business Environment 9-407-049 ALLIANZ AG: BECOMING A EUROPEAN COMPANY Lorsch, JW; Chernak, A Harvard Business School Publishing 20pp 205-024-4 BRITISH CHOCOLATE MARKET: UP FOR A FAIRTRADE ORGANIC MAKEOVER? Structured assignment Rathore, RS; Ragu, SP IBSCDC 15pp; Teaching note 205-024-8 (12pp) 207-057-1 BURGEONING CHINESE ECONOMY: SIGNS OF OVERHEATING? Gonela, SK; Kompella, R IBSCDC 9pp; Teaching note 207-057-8 (12pp)Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmovement of people. These upsurges and their regional unevenness created unprecedented incentives for long-distance migrations, as well as the resources and technologies that made them possible. In turn, these migrations provided the labor and markets that made these upsurges in production, integration, and flows possible. Modern migration is unprecedented in its volume and in its temporal concentration. Less than 3 million Europeans went to the New World during more than three centuries of

World War Two DBQ free essay sample

After World War 1, the entire world became involved with the conviction of Germany and the monitoring of their country long after. A most reasonable explanation for the world involving themselves was the will to stop Hitler and the rest of the fascist countries. Because the Treaty of Versailles began this war, and the war started because Hitler disregarded the treaty at all costs, it was hard for other countries not to stand against Hitler. Nationalism, as seen in document 1, can eventually become war. In Mein Kampf, Hitler explains his divine plan of the one perfect Reich consisting of all Germans. Hitler, at this point, and everything he stood for, was a large concern to neighbouring countries. Of course other countries will come together to stop his imposing threat to stable governments. Appeasement was at first their only way to quiet Hitler, but when that failed, he only only gained more control. We will write a custom essay sample on World War Two DBQ or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In document 5, Chamberlain suggests appeasement for that exact reason; to get Hitler to back off. Chamberlain also speculates that he would only fight if any nation wanted domination, which at the time they did not know that Hitler did. As each country reacted to the aggression of the Nazi party, Hitler was busy tearing up the treaty. He mobilized his troops into Rhineland, which was a demilitarized zone, as document 3 explains. Before this even, Germany failed to pay their World War 1 debt and so they suffered from an economic depression. This is when Hitler came to â€Å"save† them. As document 4 describes, Hitler did come to an agreement giving Czechoslovakia territory and possibly avoiding a european war. Little did anyone know Hitler was planning something worse than a second world war. Adolf Hitler was a hero to the Germans, he appealed to the country’s outrage and fear during the depression. He quickly managed to convert Germany into a fascist state. The German people suddenly became the only ones that could destroy Hitler and take him out of power, as seen in document 8. However, document 9 contradicts that theory completely by implying that Hitler could not have been stopped prior to 1939 regardless. According to the excerpt this is because Hitler had done nothing dangerous enough to cause suspicion or worry to his opponents. The most effective response to aggression is collective security. By using appeasement with Hitler, they only allowed him time to get stronger and for him to feel extremely powerful by giving him what he wanted. Also by giving in to him to prevent war, they showed that they did not respect his authority at all which caused him to go against their treaty. Appeasement eventually made Hitler look weak to his people.

My Girlfriend Called Me From Dallas The Other Day. You Have Got To Hea

My girlfriend called me from Dallas the other day. "You have got to hear about the dream I had last night," she said. Since this was not a normal reason to call me, I was more than a bit interested to listen to her. "The dream went like this," she explained. "I came to visit you at college. You showed me around, introduced me to your friends, and showed me a great time. Basically, we never left each others side. I felt so happy. Unfortunately, when I woke up, I realized that it was all a dream, and I felt kind of sad. You're the psychologist what do you make of this?" she said. "Freud said that dreams are unfulfilled wishes," I said. "I think he's right," she replied. "So do I." Sigmund Freud is called the Father of Modern Psychology. His work with patients suffering from hysteria, a psychological ailment characterized by extreme anxiety, lead him to study the next to every facet of human existence from parent and child relations to human psychological defense mechanisms. Many of Freud's works have been published today including the monumental work The Interpretation of Dreams. This book discusses Freud's theory on the importance and meaning of dreams. Freud realized his dream theory shortly after his father died. The death of his dad was very traumatic to him, and he had a recurring dream that he would be standing at the gates of the cemetery where his father was buried, but he could not bring himself to go inside and see his father's grave. This seemed odd to Freud because he was very close to his father. After much soul searching, which included Freud undergoing hypnosis, he discovered that he had unresolved anger for his father that he pushed into his unconscious. Freud believed that he was getting even with his father in his dream by not visiting his grave. To Freud, understanding dreams was an integral part in understanding the true inner feelings of people. Freud believed in the theory that dreams have meaning. This hypothesis is also shared by the Gestalt theorist Fritz Pearls. However, not every psychologist agrees with this view. Many of Freud's colleagues subscribed to the idea that dreams are nothing more than random brain poppings. These scientists do not believe that dreams have any meaning or use in the therapy of people. Freud's theory is a very important contribution to psychological thought and should not go overlooked. While the random poppings theories may be more biologically correct, Freud's theory explains a part of the human psyche that science cannot measure. According to Freud, dreams are a disguised form of wish fulfillment, a way to satisfy unconscious urges or resolve unconscious conflicts that are too upsetting to deal with consciously. For example, sexual desires might appear in a dream as the rhythmic motions of a horse back ride; conflicting feelings about a parent might appear as a dream about a fight. Seeing patients' dreams as a "royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious" (Adler 1), Freud interpreted their meaning as a part of his psychoanalytic treatment of psychological disorders. The biggest criticism of the Freudian dream theory is that it is based solely on subjective, unproven, nonscientific evidence. The main opposing view to Freud's theory is the activation-synthesis theory. First theorized in 1977 by James Hobson and William McCarley, the activation-synthesis theory sees dreams as the meaningless, random by-products of REM sleep. According to this theory, hind brain arousal during REM creates random messages that activate the brain, especially the cerebral cortex. Dreams result as the cortex synthesizes these random messages as best it can, using stored memories and current feelings to impose a coherent perceptual organization on the random thoughts it receives. From this perspective, dreams represent the brain's attempt to make sense of meaningless stimulation during sleep, much as it does when a person, while awake, tries to find meaningful shapes in cloud formations (Beck 2). The other major dream theory that states that dreams are random is the Crick Hypothesis. This says that dreams are the dislodging of maladaptive neural connections. Dreams rewire the brain and make certain connections stronger. Psychological biology utilizes modern technology to study dreams. The electroencephalogram, or EEG, records brain waves

Free Essays on Favorite Song

, but I feel the music. That’s what’s important.... Free Essays on Favorite Song Free Essays on Favorite Song My favorite song in the whole world would have to be â€Å"Hey Lover† from LL Cool J’s 1995 album titled, â€Å"Mr. Smith.† The song is a pleasant collaboration of Mr. Smith and Boyz II Men. I love the way the song immediately grabs you on the opening note of the jazzy guitar. Followed by the melodic voices of Boyz II Men, you instantly get into a relaxed and laid back mood. In the song, LL Cool J raps about how he falls victim of a serious crush on a lady in his neighborhood. He is very graphic in explaining this crush and you will soon find yourself reminiscing about the crush or two you’ve had in the past (or present). I can remember a crush I had in 12th grade whenever I hear the song.. The music of the record is comprised of a jazz guitar, which riffs a melancholy note every 10 seconds. The electric bass guitar deeply hums a soulful note in the background. Percussion is the lifeline of the song and keeps a sleek but steady pace throughout the song. Add the rhythmic voices of Boyz II Men and the sensitive, smooth, but confident voice and lyrics of LL Cool J and you have a masterpiece. I have many favorites but this one in particular is great because it is one of the few rap/r&b collaborations that is on my favorites list. I am a true lover of music. I hear not only music or words, but I feel the music. That’s what’s important....

Xenosmilus - Facts and Figures

Xenosmilus - Facts and Figures Name: Xenosmilus (Greek for foreign sabre); pronounced ZEE-no-SMILE-us Habitat: Plains of southeast North America Historical Epoch: Pleistocene (one million years ago) Size and Weight: About five feet long and 400-500 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; muscular legs; relatively short canines About Xenosmilus The body plan of Xenosmilus doesnt conform to previously known saber-tooth-cat standards: this Pleistocene predator possessed both short, muscular legs and relatively short, blunt canines, a combination that has never before been identified in this breedthough paleontologists do believe Xenosmilus was a machairodont cat, and thus a descendant of the much earlier Machairodus. (The unique skull and tooth structure of Xenosmilus has inspired a peculiar nickname, the Cookie-Cutter Cat.) Its as yet unknown whether Xenosmilus was restricted to southeast North America, or was more widely distributed across the continent (or, for that matter, ever made it down as far as South America), since the only two fossil specimens were unearthed in Florida in the early 1980s. The most striking thing about Xenosmilus, besides its cookie-cutter bite, is how big it wasat 400 to 500 pounds, it was just shy of the weight class of the largest known prehistoric cat, Smilodon, better known as the Saber-Toothed Tiger. Like Smilodon, Xenosmilus clearly wasnt suited to stalking or pursuing prey at high speeds; rather, this cat would have lounged in the low branches of trees, pounced on slow-witted megafauna mammals as they passed by, dug its cookie-cutter teeth into their bellies or sides, and then let go and leisurely followed them as they slowly (or not-so-slowly) bled to death. (The bones of peccaries, a type of pig native to North America, have been found in association with Xenosmilus fossils, so we at least know that pork was on the menu!)

Terminologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Terminologies - Essay Example Better communication is mostly the reason as to why there is improved patient outcome, it enhances continued care of the patients which is better understood and communicated with ease among nurses. Further, it is essential in the development of nursing as a body of knowledge which build up to the establishment of nursing as profession with autonomy. However, using standardized nursing terminologies has a great impact on the relationship between nurses and other professional while taking care of the patients. There is a disconnection in communication more so when other professionals go through nurses documentation on a particular patient. Thus, this to some extent is likely to affect patient outcome negatively. It necessitates the institution to utilize more resources to educate other professional on the nurse terminologies used while taking care of patients. For instance, the hospital has to print posters and put on strategic positions to enhance the other professional’s knowledge on the terminologies used by nurses (Wong, 2009). Moreover, it leads to much time wasted as one struggles to comprehend what the nurses are communicating thus compromising the patient care. Hardiker, N. R. (2011). Developing Standardized Terminologies to Support Nursing Practice. In Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (pp. 111–120). Retrieved from http://usir.salford.ac.uk/17895/1/Mastrian_chapter_7_Hardiker_-_pre-print.pdf Wong, E. (2009). Novel nursing terminologies for the rapid response system. International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications†¯: The Official Journal of NANDA International, 20,

Motivation, Stress and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motivation, Stress and Communication - Essay Example Job Design Considerations as Human Resources Manager As a human resource manager in Home Depot, the a job design involves, which planning directing, and coordinating human resource management activities in the organization in order to increase the strategic use of human resource and maintenance of function like employee recruitment, compensation, personnel policies and regulatory compliance. The human resource manager has been charged with the responsibility of identifying staff vacancies and recruiting, interviewing and selecting applicants, allocating human resource, ensuring appropriate matches between personnel and providing current and prospective information to the employee concerning job duties, working conditions, wages, opportunities for promotion and benefits. Moreover, the HRM performs the duties of staffing, which include understaffing, refereeing, firing, administering disciplinary procedures, advising managers on matters related to equality in employee opportunity and recommending changes. Use of Goal Setting to Motivate Performance Goal setting can be applied for motivating performance through the Goal-setting theory of motivation, which was developed in 1960’s Edwin Locke, whereby it states that setting of goals is related to task performance (Lunenburg, 2001). The theory explains the specific and challenging goals and appropriate feedback that facilitates improvement in performance, since the goals offer guidance to employees concerning their needs, and the efforts that are required to achieve these objectives. These goals increase the willingness to work, thus making them a source of motivation, though there is a need for clear, particular and sophisticated goal as a motivating factor, instead of general, basic and vague goals. Therefore, the specific and clarification in the goals results to an increased performance, and goals are associated with deadlines for completion in order to avoid delays and misunderstanding. On the other hand, the goals are expected to be realistic and challenging, and it gi ves individuals a feeling of pride and triumph after attaining the set objectives, thus setting them up to achieve the next goal. In this case, a challenging goal is a substantial reward, and there is a passion associated with achieving, through appropriate feedback that guides the employees behaviors and contribute to increased performance is needed. Clarification, regulation of difficulties and attaining reputation are the purposes of feedback, and these assists the employees to work to facilitates more job satisfaction. There is a need to reinforce the increased performance through facilitates the sustenance of desired behaviors, thus creating the need for borrowing ideas from the Reinforcement theory of motivation that was proposed by BF Skinner and his associate. The theory states that the individual’s behaviors are functions their consequences and this is based on law of effect, whereby there are behaviors with positive consequence that are repeated others have negative effects, and they tend not to be repeated. The positive behaviors contribute to achievement of organizational goals while the negative behaviors reduce the efforts towards

Amelie - Intercultural Film Review Essay Example for Free

Amelie Intercultural Film Review Essay Amelie is a French movie about a young twenty something girl who’s world opened up to her when her mother dies and she is allowed to venture out. After a health misdiagnoses at a young child Amelie is stranded in her home away from all people and relationships until her mother passes away and she finds herself free. She becomes a waitress and decides to help all the people around her until one day she herself finds love. This film shows a French cultural pattern where the people are open minded, whimsical, unique, and quirky. The main character Amelie, wants to get the most out of her life. She takes the viewer on a path through a series of subplots where she is trying to help people that surround her find happiness and joy. Paris and the people of France are shown in a whimsical and fairytale environment. All the while, Amelie, is removed from all human contact which makes for an interesting film if one is attempting to view this film through the lens of interpersonal communication. All the communicating in the movie is done through the use of metaphors, scheme, plots, tricks, and the like. It’s interesting because Amelie doesn’t directly communicate with people even though she is not anti-social. She is very social and likes to help people but she does so almost exclusively nonverbally. One exception to this is when Amelie helps a blind man to cross a busy street and, opposite to her normally silent nonverbal character, she proceeds to very quickly describe everything that she sees and everything that is happening to the blind man in exceptional detail. This is done as an act of kindness for someone who can’t see and not as a form of actual or real communication. All real communication in this movie, is done in a childlike fashion of cat and mouse. It feels almost like interpersonal communication in this movie is a game that is not to be taken seriously. When Amelie finds a boy that she is romantically interested in, she finds herself needing to communicate with him only from a distance. Amelie once again plays one of her games in order to conceal her identity. Nino, the object of Amelie’s affection, is a boy who collects old photos from an old photo booth. The use of pictures in this movie is overwhelming and must have some reason behind it. Itâ€℠¢s almost as if the characters are communicating through the pictures rather than with words. Even when Amelie was quickly describing the surrounding to the blind man she was helping across the street, it was as if she was creating a picture in his mind so he could connect with her. Perhaps Amelie can only  communicate through imagery like metaphors and photographs because she spent her entire childhood alone with only her parents because they thought she was too ill to be around others. I have mixed feelings about this film because I can appreciate a good romantic comedy and I understand the feeling the director was trying to create but I’m not a fan of the fanciful fairytale romances which I think this movie falls into. I would have preferred a movie with a real underlining tone and I could do without all the whimsy. Amelie felt like a child in a woman’s body, not unlike 13 going on 30 ¸ and for me the doe eyed cutesy character began to wear on me and I found myself more annoyed than anything by the end. The setting is Paris, but not the real Paris but rat her a fantasy version of Paris not unlike a dream or the Paris you can see in old movies. The story itself felt very Disney-like in that the mother dies in the beginning which is the impetuous to the main character being forced unprepared onto the world, the main character then helps many sub-characters out along the way to finding her true love. Very Disney indeed. I’m certain that I would not recommend this movie to my friends or my family, but maybe it would have a place in a cultural communications classroom. I think the only problem I would have with it is that it doesn’t portray an actual or real culture, and only portrays a fantasy like culture. The lead character is able to form relationships and make the audience care about her without having to say much at all, which can have some value when it comes to the study of nonverbal communication. Also, there might be a value to getting a feel for the French culture from this film, because even though I didn’t love the story or the film-making, there was something about the ‘sound’ in the film. The dialogue did draw me into the French culture which was interesting because I don’t speak any French. Even though I struggle to pinpoint the feeling or atmosphere of the film, I do think that something was captured even if it was just the Disney version of Paris and French Culture.

Human Resource Leadership - Worker Retention Programs Essay -- essays

Human Resources Leadership (Team 4)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Worker Retentions Program Waiwah Ellison Norma Gladhill Daniel Lewis Rachel Luce Angelica Player Lori Ruskey Abstract All organizations want to see an increase in productivity and a positive impact on the bottom line. Successful organizations realize employee retention and talent management is integral to sustaining their leadership and growth in the market place. The focus of this group project is on worker retention strategies. Worker retention strategies are programs designed to preserve existing quality workers by providing benefits and incentives. These benefits and incentives are provided to employees in various ways. Our group chose to explore six organizations in three different industries. These industries include Retail, Package shipping, and Airlines. Through research and investigation of three major industries we were able to develop a comparison of how these major organizations retain quality workers. First, we explore and learn how to keep people motivate to stop turnover within an organization. Secondly, we investigate employer’s benefits and incentive programs to keep quality employees. Finally, we examine workforce motivation and the engagement to commitment as organizations continually change initiatives and strategic planning. TARGET VS. WALMART Target and Wal-Mart have many similarities on their retention programs. Despite the difference in the size of their companies, they are both large enough to allow their employees to switch career paths within their own organization. Wal-Mart offers its employees different opportunities in many diverse department of the huge operation. They are retail, real estate, public policy, merchandising, logistics, IT, marketing, and advertising. Target offers similar areas of careers within the organization. Many other motivation tools are used for both Target and Wal-Mart to keep their employees happily employed. Merit increases in pay based on company performance are used almost the exact same way in both companies. They both have annual increase that depends on individual performance and company performance. Target gives its employees 25 cents per hour raise after 90 days in order to keep new employees. Holiday bonuses are offered to all Wal-Mart employees who have been with the company over one year. Gifts and ... ...e: hire only those who fit perfectly, offer great benefits, and perks. SWA has created an atmosphere that demonstrates appreciation for the employees, and has made Southwest Airlines an organization of which people are proud to be a part. Conclusion Employee retention strategies help organizations. They provide effective employee communication to improve commitment and enhance workforce support for key organization initiatives. Retention strategies build customer loyalty by distinguishing and positioning an organization’s unique products and services in today’s crowded marketplace. Economic growth and employee turnover is one of the most critical issue facing corporate leaders today. As a result there is a shortage of skilled workers. We have explored several aspects of the workforce stability. The employee retention issue continues in the face of unprecedented churning in the employment market. Human Resource Managers are provided with a wide range of tools to control employee turnover. Workforce stability can be a HR Manager’s competitive advantage in these turbulent times. This is one of the hottest topics for corporate leaders in all fields in the United States and globally.

The Portrayl of Women in the Media and the Effects it has on Young Girls

Young girls of today’s society are being severely negatively affected by the portrayal of women in the media. With the media playing a large role in young girl’s body images, more and more girls are having a negative image of themselves. They believe they are not sexy and attractive enough according to society’s standards. As a result of this they try to make themselves perfect and go to ridiculous extents to try and make that desire a reality. Girls will even decide to not pursue interests because they believe them to be unattractive and unsexy.The media’s blatant disregard for the real female physique needs to be dealt with quickly before it gets too far out of hand. Being exposed to the media daily through television, magazines, and advertisements, young girls base their body image largely off of media. The problem, however, is that the media displays unrealistic body images of women. Heavily photoshopped pictures in magazines are seen as the ideal body type, and women in movies and television shows are airbrushed to perfection. Along with the unrealistic beauty that women in the media hold, they are often dressed and posed in a provocative manner.On many magazine covers, women are seen with little to no clothing on, with only the lettering of the magazine title stamped across their chests to cover their exposed breasts. With these images constantly being shown in nearly every aspect of their lives, young girls create the illusion that they must look like these women in order to be considered â€Å"feminine† and â€Å"sexy.† Young girls begin to believe that their self-worth is based solely off of how they look.The inaccurate portrayal of women in the media would not be a problem if young girls were not trying to model themselves after these women. As a result of the unrealistic women in the media, young girls are often dissatisfied with their own bodies. This dissatisfaction can begin at a  surprisingly young age. A university of Central Florida poll (2006) found that fifty percent of 3 to 6 year olds worry that they are fat. Another study (2008) of 819 boys and 791 girls, ages 14 to 16, revealed that a far higher percentage of the girls were ashamed of their bodies than the boys. They revealed that they constantly monitor their weight, what they eat, and how often they eat. This constant policing of their bodies can potentially lead to unhealthy habits.Girls try to make themselves look like these â€Å"perfect† women in the media, and often times they put being â€Å"sexy† or â€Å"feminine† above their own health. They resort to strict diets as young as eight years old. Young girls with dress according to what the media portrays as â€Å"sexy† and â€Å"feminine,† even if it is clothing that is considered too provocative and mature for their age. With young girls putting their desire to be sexy above their own health, the portrayal of women it the media c an lead to serious ill effects.Often times this obsession with their body image can lead to eating disorders such as bulimia, a disorder where a girl purges her stomach immediately after eating, or anorexia, another disorder where a person will outright refuse to eat anything. They will be hospitalized for such disorders, and yet they will still find themselves to be unattractive in their own eyes. The media has drastically harmed the self-esteem of young girls.Along with needing to become â€Å"perfect,† young girls are not pursuing their own interests for the fear that it is â€Å"unsexy† and â€Å"unfeminine† according to the media. A study done by the Women’s Sports Foundation (2011) found that six girls drop out of sports for every one boy by the end of high school based on the sole reason that they feel it doesn’t make them look â€Å"sexy.† Another study done by the Women’s Sports Foundation (2011) found that twenty-three perce nt of girls between the ages of elven and seventeen don’t even attempt to play sports they may be interested in because they believe that it would be â€Å"unfeminine† of them to try.The media tells young girls that they should be into activities such as fashion design and modeling, putting emphasis on professions that show off their bodies and not their intellects. While modeling and fashion design are perfectly acceptable job professions, the problem lies in the fact that activities such as those are  the only ones being portrayed as acceptable in media. Young girls are getting the message that to pursue any typically male dominated activity would be â€Å"unfeminine,† and therefore would make them seem unattractive.Despite women making up half of the world’s population, we still live in a male dominate culture were women can be portrayed on unrealistic Barbie dolls in the media. This portrayal is having ill effects on the young girls of future genera tions. Media is playing a progressively larger role in a girl’s body image than ever before, and with the unrealistic images they are shown they being to be dissatisfied with their own bodies. Young girls begin to worry about being sexy and attractive at ages as young as eight years old, and worry about being fat as young as three. As a result of their dislike for their own bodies, young girls begin to try and make themselves â€Å"perfect.†They will starve themselves and work out, almost to an unhealthy extent. Putting this desire to be sexy above their health, some girls even develop eating disorders because of the unrealistic images they compare themselves to. Along with never finding themselves to be beautiful, girls will even deprive themselves of pursuing their interests because they believe them to be â€Å"unfeminine.† The unrealistic portrayal of women in the media needs to put to an end before the situation that young girls are put in gets any more out of hand.

George and Martha’s Essay

The very title of Edward Albee’s ‘Who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf? ‘ has immediate connotations as to the relationship between the two main characters of the play, George and Martha. The well known nursery rhyme in fact goes, ‘Who’s afraid of the big bad wolf? ‘ As we find out in further reading of the play, the ‘big bad wolf’ is obviously supposed to be seen as Martha, and the victim is George, her long suffering husband. However, in hindsight, both characters suffer just as much as each other. The title of Act one is ‘Fun and Games. ‘ This proves to be slightly ironic as the games Martha and George play, mind and verbal matches, do not seem at all fun, but appear as more of a power struggle. Apparent simple requests from Martha become games for both her and Martha to play. Martha says, ‘Why don’t you want to kiss me? ‘ whereupon George replies, ‘Well, dear, if I kissed you I’d get all excited†¦ ‘ As one critic of the play wrote, ‘They (George and Martha) club each other on the head with gleeful scorn and leave huge patches of scorched earth. ‘ Emotions from both George and Martha become integrated into an ongoing power struggle, and Martha dwells in George’s anger as she likes to see the stirred up effect she has on him. As the night wears on, more alcohol is consumed and the clearer it becomes that it is not blood running through Martha and Georges’ veins, but booze, spite, nicotine and fear. When Martha first rants about a Bette Davis film that she quotes from, ‘Hey, where’s that from? ‘What a dump,† it seems that George almost ignores her. Marthat ahs already appeared as the stronger character in the play, but in retrospect, she relies an George for a great many things, such as the name of the film that Bette Davis was in, and the name of the professor coming to have drinks. Both characters appear to totally confront one another. Martha, according to George, ‘brays,’ and George shows a passive display of apathy. However, this is not merely strength versus weakness due to Martha’s obvious reliance on George. In Martha and George’s relationship, Martha firstly behaves like a mother towards George, saying, ‘ C’mon over here and give Mommy a big sloppy kiss. ‘ She then acts more childlike, with (imitating a child), ‘I’m firsty. ‘ It is as though Martha cannot decide as to whether she is the controlling mother or the child who needs protecting in their relationship. The action of this Act takes place in George and Martha’s cosy yet cluttered home. In an outline, Martha is furious that George, an academic, hasn’t advanced at the college where her father is President, that is, George hasn’t become President himself. The fact that George didn’t even fight during the War, but stayed in the History Department at the college, makes George and Martha doubt his manhood all the more. In a sense, George almost feels below Martha’s father. Understandably so, as Martha calls him a ‘flop’ and continues to praise her father. George and Nicks (the slightly self contained younger guest) chosen departments in the college are again an example of total contrast in the play. George appears to be bogged down in his department and not going anywhere academically or in his career. He is almost a relic of the past himself. Nick, however, is at the forefront of new discoveries and is also young, handsome and extremely successful. This is the type of man whom Martha initially wanted to marry, yet the type of man to whom George could not fit the bill. George is therefore understandable threatened by Nick and his young, ‘liberal’ way of thinking. George pretends to shoot Martha in another of their ‘games’, but this is almost the opposite to the restrained George we are used to seeing. Laughter and arguments between the characters of Martha and George demonstrate to us the dialectic of love and hate in Act one. When Martha demands a kiss from George, a display of affection to his own wife, George knocks it back and rejects her. The fluctuation in their relationship demonstrates that hating each other hasn’t precluded form simultaneously loving and needing one another. Illusion appears to be a very important part of the play. George and Martha both had an illusion of what life would be like when they got married; they saw George becoming president of the college and living a happy married life under its roof. Clearly this did not happen, and both feel somewhat bitter for it. Honey and Nick also appear almost as an illusion of a happy marriage, so it seems. They seem to slip into the background in that they both pretend not to notice George and Martha’s arguments and laugh at things that they don’t particularly find funny. Another example of an illusion is that of Martha’s and George’s apparent son. Martha is always very keen to talk of him whereas George is not so, almost closing down the subject. We never actually see the son in Act One and there is even confusion between the two as to when his birthday is. The supposed perfection of the boy, blonde hair and blue eyes, and the fact that George refers states, ‘Don’t bring up the bit about the boy,’ depersonalises and deludes his actual existence. This is obviously a particularly sore point of conversation between George and Martha, as it results in a number of heated arguments. Martha and George constantly hurl abusive and hurtful words at each other, as though throwing knives. In striking out at those closest to them, that is each other, they represent the typical dysfunctional couple. However, in doing so the romantic notion of love keeps their relationship almost together. Both saw each other as the way to a new, ‘perfect’ way of life yet the fantasy was not fulfilled, and in verbally abusing each other, they take the blame from themselves and place it on each other. Albee has captured perfectly the way two completely different people can come together and the dramatic consequences it can have on each other, not always in bringing out the negative.

The eNotes Blog Top 10 Holiday Gifts forTeachers

Top 10 Holiday Gifts forTeachers Teachers. They do so much for our kids all year, often for very little money. The holidays offer all of us the opportunity to show them our gratitude and appreciation. Here at , we posted a question on our Discussion Board, asking teachers themselves what gifts they would most like to receive from students and parents. Here are their top ten suggestions. Make an educators holiday just a bit brighter with these great ideas! 1.   Personalized Notes of Thanks and Remembrance. By far and away, the majority of teachers who commented on our question said what they treasured most were students letters.   Susan3Smith says, The best teacher gifts from students or parents are notes or cards.  The notes can sustain me during a tough time, and they dont make me fat. 2.   Gift Cards. A treat for everyone, but perhaps especially for teachers, gift cards are fabulous way to show you care. As auntlori notes: Because teachers generally do spend their own money on things for the classroom, gift cards are always welcome. 3.   Kindle. If you would like to hear a squeal from a teacher that sounds remarkably child-like, AND you can afford it, consider giving Amazons electronic reader, the Kindle, the second-most requested wish on our teachers list (just behind personalized notes!) 4.   Stationery. Also making a strong showing on the wish list was stationery. As kiwi puts it, The love of stationery is a very close second to the love of teaching. msmegmaynard agrees,   I am personally obsessed with new stationery! 5.   Pens! Also making  their mark on  various wish lists were pens.   Actually, office supplies  of all sorts are in great demand.   As kiwi puts it, Pens pens pens pens. Coloured notepads, fancy staplers, highlighters, erasers the list goes on. I still get gel pens as a Christmas  present  each year! 6. Candles. Scented candles are one of those wonderful indulgences that we teachers love to get but rarely buy for ourselves. Give your favorite educator some aromatherapy! 7. Rare or Early Edition Book. Several teachers and editors who commented noted that a rare or first edition text was a treasured gift. It showed them that the parent and/or student knew them well enough to know their favorite authors, and they were aware of the time it took to find that special gift. 9.   Wine. Quite a few teachers admit that they would love to receive a good bottle of wine. If you know a literature   teacher and wine lover, try out this great, inexpensive (less than $20) vintage called Writers Block, available in Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Malbec, and Syrrah. 10.   iPad. Well, we can dream, cant we?   As accessteacher points out, Since its Christmas, why not an iPad? Lets go wild!! From everyone at , we wish all of you, teachers, editors,  students, and parents, happy holidays and a prosperous New Year.

Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift Review

Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift Review There are few great satirists who manage to judge their work so finely that it can be considered both a rip-roaring, fantastical adventure story suitable for children and adults alike, as well as a searing attack on the nature of society. In his Gullivers Travels, Jonathon Swift has done precisely that and has bestowed upon us one of the great works of English literature in the process. A tale recognized far more widely than it is read, the story of Gullivera traveler who is, in turns, a giant, a tiny figure, a king and an idiotis both excellent fun, as well as thoughtful, witty and wise. The First Voyage The travels that are referenced in Swifts title are four in number and always begin with an unfortunate incident that leaves Gulliver shipwrecked, abandoned, or otherwise lost at sea. On his first misadventure, he is washed up on the shores of Lilliput and awakes to find himself tied down by a hundred tiny threads. He soon realizes that he is a captive in a land of tiny people; compared to them, he is a giant. The people soon put Gulliver to workfirst of a manual kind, then in a war with neighboring people over the way that eggs should be properly cracked. The people turn against him when Gulliver puts out a fire in the palace by urinating on it. The Second Gulliver manages to return home, but he soon wishes to get out into the world again. This time, he finds himself in a land where he is tiny compared to the giants who live there. After numerous close encounters with the large animals that populate the land, and achieving some fame for his tiny size, he escapes Brobdingnaga place he disliked because of the boorishness of its peoplewhen a bird picks up the cage in which he resides and drops it into the sea. The Third On his third voyage, Gulliver pass through a number of lands, including one whose people literally have their head in the clouds. Their land floats above the normal Earth. These people are refined intellectuals who spend their time in esoteric and entirely pointless pursuits while others live belowas slaves. The Fourth Gullivers final voyage takes him to a near utopia. He finds himself in a land of talking horses, called the Houyhnhnms, who rule over a world of brutish humans, called Yahoos. The society is beautifulwithout violence, pettiness or greed. All the horses live together in a cohesive social unit. Gulliver feels that he is a stupid outsider. The Houyhnhnms cannot accept him because of his human form, and he escapes in a canoe. When he returns home, he is upset by the sordid nature of the human world and wishes he were back with the more enlightened horses that he left. Beyond the Adventure Brilliant and insightful, Gullivers Travels, is not simply a fun adventure story. Rather, each of the worlds that Gulliver visits exhibits the features of the world in which Swift livedoften delivered in a caricatured, inflated form that is the stock in trade of a satirist. Courtiers are given influence with a king dependent on how well they are at jumping through hoops: a sideswipe at politics. Thinkers have their head in the clouds while others suffer: a representation of intellectuals of Swifts time. And then, most tellingly, humanitys self-regard is punctured when we are portrayed as the beastly and incoherent Yahoos. Gullivers brand of misanthropy is aimed at the lampooning and improvement of society through a form that is far removed from any kind of serious political or social tract. Swift has a deft eye for an excellent image, and a uproarious, often bawdy sense of humor. In writing Gullivers Travels, he has created a legend which endures up to our times and beyond.

Accounting Evaluation And Forecast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Accounting Evaluation And Forecast - Essay Example Carter and Usry mentioned that â€Å"In Reality, planning and controlling are simultaneous, cannot be separated, and an interconnected process†. Within this elaboration we will evaluate performance of the â€Å"Aberdare - Super Service Mini Market† and furthermore describe Income Statement and Balance sheet forecast for planning purposes. According to the financial ratios, Aberdare posses an overall weaker performance, compare to the Pernarth mini market. The only ratios that exceed Pernart mini market are sales/operating assets ratio and the interest cover ratio. The sales/operating assets ratios present a slight lead on Aberdare’s effectiveness on using its operating assets to produce sale, while the interest cover ratio display Aberdare’s better performance on taking advantage of debts to finance operations. However, financial ratios should not be used as a sole instrument of measuring performance. According to available data, Aberdare’s sales in 2004 are amounted to $ 1,250,000 and the operating profit is $ 217,000. This has a relatively significant difference compare to Pernarth mini market, which produce a sales number of only $ 1,000,000 and operating profit of $ 190,000. Thus, in actual numbers, Aberdare mini market contributes more income to the business. Pernarth According to the financial ratio, Pernarth is overall better than Aberdare mini market. The ratios indicated that pernarth has a better performance in terms of: 1. Effectiveness of operation, displayed by the Operating Profit/Operating Assets ratio, Sales/Fixed Assets ratio, and Sales/Current Assets ratio. These ratios describe that Pernarth uses its assets more effectively to produce sales and profit. 2. Efficiency of operation, displayed by the Operating Profit/Sales ratio, Cost of Sales/Sales ratio, Sales/Stock ratio, Expenses/Sales ratio, and Sales/Stock ratio. These ratios describe that Pernarth's require less cost and expenses to produce equal sales number and profits compare to Aberdare's. 3. Liquidity of the mini market, displayed by the Interest Cover ratio, Gearing ratio, Current ratio, and Quick ratio. There ratios describe that Pernarth mini market require less debts compare to Aberdare mini market to run the business. II.2. Weaknesses Aberdare As stated before, compare to Pernarth, Aberdare mini market display a slightly poorer performance. Most of the ratios display only small difference between the two store, however, significant different appears on Sales/Current Asset ratio, Sales/Stock ratio, Interest cover, Gearing and Quick ratio. The Interest Cover and Gearing ratio indicate that Aberdare has too much debt within its financial structure. The Sales/Current Assets ratio, Sales/Stock ratio and Quick ratio on the other hand, describe that the mini market employ too much current asset on the current year, especially too much stock. Pernarth The mini market is superior according to any measurement of the financial ratios, however, in real numbers, the mini market does not seem to generate as much sales and profit as Aberdare. Thus, relating to the fact that Pernarth is the most profitable

China's Monetary Policy, From Fixed to Managed Exchange Rate Essay

China's Monetary Policy, From Fixed to Managed Exchange Rate - Essay Example As of the last quarter of 2010, the economy of China was reported to overheat when its gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 10.3% as compared to the previous year (Simpkins 2011). In response to the on-going global financial crisis, the Chinese government decided to implement a â€Å"moderately loose monetary policy† from the usual â€Å"prudent monetary policy† as a strategic move in stabilizing the overall economic condition in China (Pierson 2010; Yang 2010). Based on the standard economic practice, a tight monetary policy is normally implemented by the central bank in order to control the economic consequences associated with high inflation rate. To allow the readers have a better understanding about this particular research topic, the standard model of a fixed exchange rate economy will first be tackled followed by discussing the previous case of China. Upon examining China’s preferred monetary policy today, this report will focus on determining whether or not the Chinese economy behave in accordance with, or differently from what one would predict from a standard Model of a fixed exchange rate economy experiencing overall balance of payments surpluses. Standard Model of a Fixed Exchange Rate Economy Under the Bretton Woods System, monetary policy was focused on fixing the exchange rates in order to protect the balance of payments stability (Hagele 2006, p. 8). Right after the World War II, making exchange rates stable by pegging the currencies against the US dollar was considered as one of the best ways to promote growth on international trading and in making the employment rate high (Hagele 2006, p. 9). Even though the pegged exchange rates are adjustable when necessary, historical events revealed that implementing a fixed exchange rate system could create disequilibrium in the balance of payment and international trading system (Bordo and Eichengreen 1993, p. 5). Given that importation and exportation of products are considered inelastic, a lot of economists in the past disregarded the significance of exchange rates in the use of monetary policy. This is because most of them believe that developing countries will remain the principal exporters of goods. Given that the presence of industrialization reduces the need for importation of goods from other countries, devaluation of currencies were considered less advantageous for economic development. It was only during the 1997 Asian crisis wherein a lot of economists considered the significance of exchange rate in managing the internal economy in each country. In an economy wherein the exchange rate is fixed, the government tends to rely heavily over the use of its fiscal policy in order to control the economic situation in each country. To boost the economic growth in each country, the government can make use of its reserves or to borrow money from local or international sources to create more demand for products and services. However, Tornell and Velasco (20 00) explained that excessive use of fiscal authority could result to more economic consequences since misuse or excessive use of fiscal policies could result to the exhaustion of the government reserves. Since demand for goods and services is growing in China, the Chinese government is

Behavior Modification and Alcoholism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Behavior Modification and Alcoholism - Essay Example At first it provided me a sense of relief but a point came when the distress began to mount all over again. People start the habit of drinking due to many reasons which mainly include emotional distress. According to some theories drinking of alcohol provides relief to increasing stress. (Cooper et al., 1988) A time comes when a person has feels like evading himself from the reality that is the time when he has the urge of drinking.(Wills and Hirky, 1996). Drinking of alcohol is commonly found amongst the new young generation. This is because young people start the drinking process thinking that it would lead to the betterment of their frame of mind. (Frone and Windle, 1997) Recent research has proved that avoiding alcohol at times can lead to the usage of more alcohol. (Wunschel et al., 1993) To further prove this a ten year model research was conducted to find out about the relationship between alcohol consumption and the coping up with emotional distress. The ten year model showed that if drinking helped in coping with the emotional distress the consumption of alcohol increased but if it did not the consumption decreased. (Holahan, Moos, Holahan, Cronkite , & Randall 2001) The relationship between a child and parent is an important one and the parent is a great source of influence for the child. Through the observation of ancestral and parental habits children pick up the influential practices. Observing my parents had a great impact on me and it gave me a reason to start the practice of drinking. (Greeley et al., 1983) Research has shown that the relationship of drinking between parents and children is highly related. (D. Herd 1994) The environment I worked in played another major role in the adopting of the habit of drinking. Due to working stress and other factors including accessibility of alcohol during working hours I was tempted to drink excessively. Research has suggested that the availability of alcohol during working hours is a factor for excessive drinking. Easy to get alcohol and drinking it with all the friends together during the working hours is supposed to be really easy for the working people. The factor of drinking with friends had a great influence on me and I being a social person liked drinking alcohol with them. In order to avoid drinking in the work places management took grave measures. Competition of drinking with friends while working and the amount of alcohol you can drink as compared to others is a usual sight in the office. Nowadays the labor unions and the management gave salary cuts to employees and formulated a strict scheme against excessive alcohol drinking during working hours. These measures gave a blow to my financial flow but I coped up by reducing the level of drinking during work hours. This scheme has been successful to quite a level but it requires a further amendment and realization of the environmental factors involved in the availability of alcohol at work places. (Ames, & Grube 1999). Nowadays alcohol abuse and the excessive usage of it is leading to deaths and society failure. This is either through the reckless driving after getting drunk or because of the after effects which are lethal to the consumer of alcohol. Today in the modern world little governments are taking strong measures to limit the usage

Sustainability Strategies for Proctor Gamble

Sustainability Strategies for Proctor Gamble 1. Introduction: Procter and Gamble is an organization which produces diverse products, and its ambition is to reach the consumers demand. PG began in the 1911; with the theme of innovation by producing every time a different product. For every product they go through three stages. The first stage was to make innovative needed products; the second was to proceed with the successful products with suitable quantities; and the third is to have more investments of capital to enlarge the company. These three stages preserve the success of PG. PG is a multinational corporation with 156 branches in more than 70 countries. There are three main development centers, the first center is in Germany in which paper products like Always and Pampers are developed. The second is in Brussels, used to develop detergents. The last center is situated in the United Kingdom where soap and shampoos are developed. PGs environmental science department plays a unique role to ensure that their products are safe to use for the consumer as well as for the environment. Environmental safety is an internal part of the quality that PG builds into its every product. The Company is committed to produce best quality of products to refine the consumers of whole world. The companys actual performance could be deduced by looking at its 2009 Annual Report. Its worldwide net earnings for the year 2009 were 13,436 million dollar, which is 13.61% increase over the prior year. It has total assets of $134,833 million and liabilities of $71,451 million. PG has been paying a dividend for 120 consecutive years since its incorporation in 1890 and has increased its dividend for 54 consecutive years at an annual compound average rate of approximately 9.35%.This is an evidence of how much consumers demand PGs product and how this initiates the company to develop 300 brands to satisfy five billion consumers all over the world. Alan G. Lafley became chairman of PG in 2000, he made it clear that he wanted innovation across the spectrum-in how the company invents, markets, manufactures, and distributes its products. 2. Methods 2.1 Data collection methods We get the data from the documentary analysis of the PG which come from the website of the PG. The data is easy accessed in the internet. PGs annual plans are useful in the research. At the same time, we keep contact to PG via emails. They give us information on the plan of the companys development. 2.2 Issues and challenges Biases different comments of PG in massive aspects, often find data from some organization within the PG. that circumstances may cause biases, which influence comments to become less objective and even flattery. It is significant to distinguish the information because possibly comments on one aspect could go opposite and cause dilemma. Detailed resource constraints it is not difficult to find general information about PG. However, it was not easy to search details and depth objections. Although, connecting PG for details may work, yet it cannot be certain that the opinions gained from PG are 100% objective and real. Collecting from dispersive information a majority of resources is dispersive. It means much time consuming and less efficiency. Also some information may mislead ideas to somewhere wrong. 2.3 Analysis Through the analysis of companys annual report, we know the performance of PG. according to the structure and culture of PG, we can forecast the development foreground. We evaluate the approaches to management and leadership. We use the view of a manager, trying to give out a better way. We are based on management principles and analysis the existing business model. PG has a unique pattern in the business management which was widely praised by consumers. 3. Business strategy, mission and goals 3.1 Introduction PG products touch the lives of people around the world billion times a day. This happens because PG provides products of best quality to improve the lives of all consumers around the world. This results in sales, profit and value creation, between the company and the consumers in which they operate to prosper. Its business is divided into three global units: beauty, health and well being, and household care. It also makes pet food and water filters and produces soap operas. Some products of PGs brands are billion-dollar sellers, including Gillette Fusion, Always, Braun, Bounty, Charmin, Crest, Downy/Lenor, Folgers (which it reportedly plans to spin off), Gillette mach 3, Iams, Olay total, Pampers, Pantene pro v, Pringles, Tide lemon jasmine, and Wella, among others. The above products were mentioned by Robert N. Lussier(2009) in annual report 2009. The PG consists of over 138,000 employees working in over 80 countries. It began as a small, family-operated soap and Candle Company which now not only provides products but also concentrate on services of best quality and value to consumers in more than 180 countries. In PG, they are focusing their efforts on where they can make the most meaningful difference in both environmental and social Sustainability. According to Andrea Redmonds (2010) research, their dedication begins with PGs Purpose, values and principles, in which Sustainability is embedded, and manifests itself in a systemic and long-term way. They try to make their company better. 3.2 Mission and goals In 2007, PG implemented five strategies to Sustain goals for the future. In March of 2009, PG made a progress to emphasize their commitment to achieve more significant goals. The five strategies are as follows: Strategy1 Products: Delight the consumer with sustainable innovations which improve the environmental profile of the products. They have developed the market which was at least $50 billion in cumulative sales of sustainable innovation products, and products that have an improved environmental profile. Strategy 2 Operations: Improve the environmental profile of PGs own operations. An additional 20% reduction (per unit production) in CO2 emissions, energy consumption, water consumption and disposed waste from PG plants, leading to a total reduction over the decade of at least 50%. PROGRESS (percent reduction per unit production) Since July 2007 Since July 2002 Energy Usage 11% 48% CO2 Emissions 10% 52% Waste Disposal 30% 53% Water Usage 13% 52% Strategy 3 Social responsibility: Improve childrens lives through PGs social responsibility programs. Enable 300 million children to Live, Learn and Thrive. They prevented 160 million days of disease and also saved 20,000 lives by delivering 4 billion liters of pure water for the Childrens Safe Drinking Water program. Strategy 4 Employees: Engage and equip all PG employees to build Sustainability thinking and practices into their everyday work. Strategy 5 Shareholders: Plan the future by working transparently with their shareholders so that they can work with freedom to innovate in a responsible way. Beside the five strategies, they have several goals on the market. 1. Designed to Matter In PG, they focus the Sustainability efforts on improvements that matter, to make the most meaningful impact they can. 2. Purposes, values principles PGs Purpose, Values Principles formulated their shared vision, a common sets of behavior and their beliefs about the business and its potential. 3.3 Marketing strategy Many people think that multi-brand strategy will result in a situation that internal competition happens, but P G believes that the best strategy is to compete with their own product. Gary Armstrong (2009) said this is because the market economy is a competitive economy, while its opponents to develop new products to share the market. As their challenge themselves and overcome their own, so that their products  brands may occupy a different market, in order to consolidate its leadership position. 1. Differentiated brands If P Gs multi-brand strategy to be understood as simply more brands, it would be wrong. Actually the pursuit of similar products, the differences between different brands, including features, packaging, promotion, etc., to form each brand distinctive, such as Procter Gamble brand strategy so that each brand has its own development, the market will not overlap, and it will not lead to market its brand in the consumer confusion. The words above are supported by Piero Morosini (2005) 2. Manufacture of USP According to the report, USP means unique selling proposition. It is proposed by the American advertising guru Rosser Reeves (said Brent Green 2006). Marketing theory: the core of its content: Advertising should be according to the characteristics unique to the consumer for rhetoric,  and allow consumers to believe that this feature is not available to others or others not mentioned. These features can bring tangible benefits to consumers. 3. Unique way: numbers brands in one organization As Michel Philippart (2005) and Hangzhou da Xues (1994) study, multi-brand strategy is very difficult to succeed. While a single image of the brand extension strategy to facilitate the unity of management, reduce marketing costs, easy-to-be customers to accept, but it is not guaranteed, because of a branding, the easy formation among consumers  fixed image, resulting in the customers mind-set is not conducive to the extension product. 4. Overall structure: The Procter Gamble Company (PG) is divided into three main worldwide units, which are household care, beauty and grooming and health and well-being (Marketing magazine: 2009). Every units report is sent to Susan E. Arnold, who has been promoted from vice chair of PGs beauty and health department to the position of president of global business units. The beauty care section is also managed by Susan Arnold. PG has restructured its hierarchy of top executives, who include Arnold, in order to meet the changing needs of their larger, more flexible and faster-paced global business. Lafley, who is the chairman of PG, announced that PG has nearly doubled its business since 2000 with the acquisitions of the Clairol, Wella hair care businesses and Gillette. The change in structure is designed to meet the needs of a larger business that is also developing new initiatives faster than in the past (Balendu: 2007). Initially, PG managed its international operations through an international division of foreign expansion, in the same manner many other multinational enterprises. A variety of products were identified to match national differences and preferences. Consequently, a portfolio, consisting of subsidiaries, run by country general managers was established. However, this management structure may result in two basic problems. Firstly, the cost of operating these subsidiaries is high, and secondly the ferocious autonomy of national subsidiaries prevented the global roll out of new products and technology improvements (Lin, 2008: 9). Therefore, PG needed innovation in the subsidiaries management structure. It concluded that the matrix structure, in which subordinates report to more than one superior (MacKenzie, 2002:22), is a better alternative for PG, as it allows authority to be kept at lower levels. However, most firms would have some difficulty implementing this Matrix structure into their organization because it is difficult to organize multinational activities through this complex structure. For example, dual reporting can lead to disagreements and confusion and a possible overlap of responsibilities. This may result in a loss of accountability and wastes time. Through time PG has been trying to optimize its structure. The current structure resulted in a culture within PG, which was viewed as slow, conformist and risk-averse (Lin, 2008:11). This led to a decrease in productivity and an increase in inefficiency in the organization. Moreover, these factors would slow down the decision making process and reduce the competitiveness of the company. Although, the management structure of PG seems imperfect at the moment. However, the Procter Gamble Company is still a giant in the area of consumer goods and the leading maker of household products in the United States. PG operates its business in over 80 countries around the world and has approximately 300 brands in more t han 160 countries. The matrix structure helps PG develop its global business structure into more specific areas. As a result, the company has become more flexible to change within market competitions and the different expectation of PG. The final stage of completing the innovation process of management structure is to transform the formal structure and responsibilities of the company. For example, the global business units of PG were established in order to manage product development, manufacturing and marketing of their respective categories all around world. Furthermore, global business service units were established to organize with the transactional activities such as Accounting, HR, IT, etc. Eliminating bureaucracy and increasing accountability is another main objective of structure change (Bartlett, 2004: Chp 4). The Procter Gamble Companys corporate structure has been mainly dependent on worldwide subsidiaries and merging. During this time of restructuring, PG has continued its active acquisitions pace. For instance, PG entered the European tissue and towel market through the purchase of Vereinigte Papierwerke Schickedanz AGs European tissue unit and added the luxury fragrance business of Giorgio Beverly Hills, Inc. In the same year, PG returned to the South African market following the lifting of U.S. sanctions. PG has altered its geographic management structure gradually. As a result, PG has divided its operations into United States and other countries, which mainly includes four regions North America, Latin America, Asia and Europe/Middle East/Africa. PG announced a new restructuring initiative in September 1998. A key factor of this restructuring was a shift from an organization centered around the four geographic regions to one centered on seven global business parts based on product lines: Baby Care, Beauty Care, Fabric Home Care, Feminine Protection, Food Beverage, Health Care Corporate New Ventures and Tissues Towels. PG has continued to restructure and adapt to different markets and different financial situation worldwide. According to a firm press release announcing the new structure, This change will drive greater innovation and speed by centering strategy and profit responsibility globally on brands, rather than on geographies 5. PGs Culture: Culture plays an important role in any organization to run their organization well in this fast growing business world. According to Scheins theory of culture it is defined as A pattern of shared basic assumption that the group learned as it solved its problem of external adaptation and integration that has work well enough to be considered valid and therefore to be taught to new members as a correct way to perceive, think and feel in relation to those problem-(Scheins 1992, p12, italics altered). According to Schein organizational culture is the acquired outcome of group experience, as it is to a large extent unconscious. Schein considers culture to the three layer phenomenon. From figure 1 it is clearly seen that the organizational culture comprises of three layers first one is the artefacts, espoused values and underlying assumption. Artefacts Innovation culture is the mission statement of Procter and gamble organization in which they state that the consumer is boss, consumer should be the heart of all PG do from ideation stage through the purchase of the product. For example if 30 seconds with a deodorant or one minute with a disposal diaper have made a small part of your life a little bit better then PG made a difference. PG policies made the company a unique one that respect of governments and law, respects in workplace and respect in the market place (annual report of PG, 2005). PG is a multinational company and it is widely spread geographically. They maintain open work system in lots of work places around the world. Executive offices do not have doors. Leaders do not have a secretary cordoning them off. The executive floors on all the offices at Procter and gamble are open, conference room is an open round space. They made it round as a small symbol of the new approach (Lafely .A, 2000 CEO of PG). Espoused values PG is having hierarchy of company ethics principles. PVP(Purpose, Values and principles), corporate policies, worldwide business conduct standards, operating policies/procedure/practices. For over 170 years PG purpose values and principles has been guiding the way they do business and it is shown in the fig 2 below. There purpose is to provide branded products and services of superior quality and values that improves the lives of the worlds consumer. PG lives with its people and values, they recruit the finest people in the world who built organization by promoting and rewarding people without regard to any difference related to performance. Lafely said that PG have been fortunate that some of this flexible multifaceted ethics exist in our heritage. For example Procter and Gamble pioneered a system which is technician based in its manufacturing plants during the 1960s and 70s. In this system they avoided the approach in which one person assigned to do only one job. The technician sys tem still operates today and working well. To get the highest evaluation rating in PG factory, you learn how to do all the jobs on line and once you have that rating, company expect you to be that much capable of problem identification, problem solving, and innovation. This background has made it easier for company to plug manufacturing and engineering in to the innovation culture. PG CEO Lafely said in one conference that once people in our organization have succeeded at innovation then you can see the energy in the company changing. People at PG routinely says that we can do this, this is feasible and the change of attitude of the people in PG is incredible to watch. Integrity, leadership, ownership, passion for winning and trust are the main asset values of PG. By considering purpose and values they made their principles like the show respects for individual, interest of the company and individual are inseparable and innovation is the cornerstone of PG success. These are the offi cials objectives which had been espoused by the company head and it is common for PG organization all over the world. Fig 2 PVP of PG 2003 sustainability report Underlying Assumptions It consists of unconscious, taken for granted beliefs, perception, thoughts and feelings. PG are having problem relating to external adaption and internal integration. PG keep refining their products, launch model from ideas, to prototype, to development, to qualification and to commercialization. Applying this sequential practice on large scale and replicate them does not mean to eliminate judgment, thats why PG needs active leaders and a strong innovation culture. Therefore PG introduces the inclusive culture for leaders and they expected to build inclusive work environment that welcomes and embraces diversity an environment where people feel comfortable. Forced diversity training/learning process are utilized to equip leaders to values and nurture difference in management experience, style of leadership and problem solving approaches. By analyzing the PGs culture it is seen that PG is having a strong and dominant culture and that culture follows in every part of the world. Innovation is the main theme of PGs success and to bind organization culture together. 6. PGs management leadership: Innovative Management and Leadership of PG When we observe organizations and try to classify, we tend to classify them in terms of their success and describe them as highly successful, successful, struggling to succeed or unsuccessful. There are certain factors influencing their success. Management in the organizations has to perform some functions like planning, organizing, staffing, directing, leading and controlling for success. Management consists of implementation of the vision and strategy provided by leaders, coordinating and staffing the organization and handling day-to-day problems. By Koontz and Weihrich management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals work with such performance for optimizing efficiency in reaching goals. HENRI FAYOL identified the main operations in business management- technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting and administration. The administration function he further subdivided into organizational, coordinating, commanding, controlling and purveyance. The purveyance further included the concepts of forecasting and planning.  [i]   PG was facing certain disadvantages using the Henri Fayol method because it was not an empirical but more theoretical. Moreover PG wants to be innovative and wants to differentiate products by its formation. So they adopted the Cooper-Kleinschmidt study of innovation method which was based on the triangle process. The Innovation Diamond in Exhibit 1 began as a triangle process, Resources, and strategy the result of a 1990s Cooper-Kleinschmidt study of innovation across a Broad range of businesses.4 Procter Gambles management in the 1990s subsequently transformed the triangle into their Initiatives Diamond, shown in Exhibit 2.  [ii]   The Innovation Diamond is a guiding framework to help management focus on whats important to success: innovative strategy, a good idea-to-launch process, portfolio management, the climate and leadership. PGs Initiatives Diamond serves as a guide for each businesss product innovation efforts, and helps to focus managements attention on what is important to success. Heres what Bob McDonald, PGs Vice Chairman of Global Operations, says: The Initiative Diamond played a significant role in improving the business results in PGs Fabric Home Care global business unit. This work brought us a new discipline to manage our innovation programs, and yielded a major increase in the in-market success of our initiatives. We aligned our organization on how to use Stage-Gate ® success criteria and portfolio and resource management to deliver better innovations for the consumers we serve.  [iii]   The top half of PGs diamond in Exhibit 2 is strategic in nature, and captures the businesss product innovation strategy: goals, the mix of new products required to meet those goals, and the required resources. Portfolio management (or project selection) is thus closely connected to strategy. The bottom half of the diamond is more operational and focuses on delivering specific new product projects or initiatives: what resources must be put in place for each project; and how individual new product projects are managed so they succeed using PGs idea-to-launch SIMPLTM Methodology? Thus how the PGs business success has been generated through focusing on effective innovative Management. Peter F. Drucker says Leadership is the lifting of mans thinking to higher sights, the increment of mans performance to higher standard, the building of mans personality beyond its normal limitation. Alan Bryman offers the working definition of leadership as: the creation of a goal about a desired future state which seeks to mesh every members of an organization in its net. Many commentators trait spotting approach to; have argued or assumed that the performance of an organization depends on the quality of leadership exercised by its leaders; same is the case with PG organization. The single most enduring thing PG leaders can do is to identify develop our next generation of leaders. If we can get the right people with the right skills and experiences in place to run our business, the rest will take care of itself. By Lura Mattimore, Director, Leadership development PG. So the leader is someone who exercises influence over other people leading is a process of actuation. It provides an electrifying effect to the organization makes people action-oriented and bridges gaps within the organization. Distribution of work, delegation of authority and supervision of work should be done meticulously. There are various approaches to leadership such as trait spotting, style counseling, content fitting, New leadership. PG uses the trait spotting approach to leadership. PG leaders are built from within because they believe that their future success is entirely dependent on the ongoing strength of talent pipeline. So the first trait spotting in PG is done by PG leaders itself who select the next leader of the company by searching a quality of dedication towards the work. PG leaders are not born leaders at first they are just the ordinary people of the company. For PG people are the company most important asset. Their success depends entirely on the strength of the talent which they build from within manage with a disciplined process led by the CEO the senior leadership team. This is an essential element of how PG is designs to lead. Thus PG develop leaders whose purpose is to centre on improving more consumers lives in all parts of the world. Thus PG uses two dimensional style of leadership because it concerns for the production as well as for the people. People are the main asset of PG and for production they always wanted to get differentiated by their innovation method. Thus PG uses the two dimensional style. (Blake Mouton 1964) According to the Likerts there are four leadership systems: Exploitative Autocratic Benevolent authoritative Participative Democratic Democratic leaders have complete confidence and trust in their subordinates, they allow the subordinates to make decision for themselves; these types of leaders always motivate their subordinates by reward for achieving goals and to share the new ideas and opinion. PG uses the democratic type of leadership system. They believe to build their organization from within; PG consider their most important asset as the people of the company because of their faithful work excellent performance. Procter gamble respect all employees and consumers and offer them their trust on condition that they treat them similarly. PG also uses servant type of leadership because they always feels that the customers are the boss .And in servant leadership, leaders put the needs of their followers first. According to the John Adair Leadership is a social process in which an individual influences the behavior of others without using the path of violence. Below is the example of how the innovative product is developed under the innovative leadership of PG, which shows some relationship between leader and follower of the PGs. PG crank up on one on one consumer research, so the marketers of PG spend a time with the consumers, watching the way they wash, clean their floors, diapers their babies and asking about their habit and frustration. So based on this one on one technique PG opened a diaper -testing centre right down the hall of their office, where moms watch their babies get undressed, diapered, and measured by PG technicians. So one thing the PG learn from this experience is that parents are frustrated by the time it takes their youngsters to be toilet trained and they have to change their diapers every time when they wet those. So thus based on the comments received from the parents PG launch their new innovative product in the line of pampers whose mission was to dry diapers to helping moms with babys development. Thus how the PG is always innovative in the way of leadership to find new products which improves their relationship with their followers, as the consumers are the main boss of the PG. 7. Future Aspects: Strategy improvement: Through analysis of P Gs multi-brand strategy we realize that many of the benefits of this strategy are clear, but it is very difficult to achieve in the market, they have to note that several aspects of business practice. According to Sanjay Tiwari (2000), they can make some improvement by the ways below. A company which operates a variety of brands must have the appropriate strength; the work of brand extension is complicated.  From market research to product launch, to advertising, every job has a large number of enterprises to spend manpower and material resources. In the specific operation, they must be through careful investigation, to find the product differentiation. The industries in which according to the specific situation of enterprises, such as Procter Gambles consumer products industry which with easy access to a successful multi-brand strategy.   Structure Improvement: The improvement of structures of PG possibility could be to have wholly autonomous temporary groups or teams that are responsible for an entire project, and are split up as soon as it is successfully completed. Teams are often not very good for decision-making, and they run the risk of relational problems, unless they are small and have a lot of self-discipline. Actually, team members still require a definite leader, which is indicated from decentralization. It means the separation of the organization into competing autonomous divisions. PG has various branch brands, and some in one subject. Competition between own brands may seems unreasonable. However, changing corporate structure may encourage positive challenges among PG. In addition, appropriate manipulating probably is required during the management process. On the other hand, some inefficiency brands or areas may better to be abolished for saving funds and decrease expenses. Decision- making is very crucial of this innovation, which is easy to regret if prediction is wrong. Various differences of brands among PG could be helpful and practical in different occasions. However, this improvement could go to the opposite and create unexpected situation because sometimes the market could be influenced by news in many ways.

Animal Testing Needs To Stop Essay -- essays research papers

Cosmetic and drug companies should stop animal testing. By animal testing, the companies not only violate the animals' rights (which is breaking the law), but their testing methods are hazardous which endanger the animal's life. Finally, the companies should stop animal testing because each year we lose hundreds of thousands of animals and could make a difference by stopping this cruelty. Stop the animal testing, and save a life. To start with, cosmetic and drug companies should stop animal testing their products. By animal testing, they not only violate the animals' rights- they are breaking the law. Animals cannot speak for themselves so when they are unwillingly tested on, they cannot say anything in their own defense. The companies that test on animals violate the rights that were given to all living beings-including animals. As most know, this is illegal to break the law, yet still they get away with it. Who wants these companies taking charge of our rights- our freedom? Therefore, animals should not be used as lab specimens just so we humans can indulge ourselves in beauty products. Take a stand against animal testing, immediately, and stop this brutal treatment that is being done to these defenseless animals. Above all, help save their lives, and help show others how important it is that people know just how big of a difference they can make. In addition to breaking the law and violating animal rights, the cosmetic and drug companies endanger the helpless animals with their destructive testing methods and procedures. Scientists have tested up to twenty animals at a single time. In that experiment, each individual animal died. Their testing methods are not only horrible, but they are deadly. Whethe... ... To review, animal testing does nothing helpful to anyone except to cover up themselves with fashionable beauty products in which hundreds of thousands of innocent animals die every year. The companies that test violate the animal?s rights and at the same time, break the law. Animal testing for medicines, and make up is unreasonable and cruel to the animal. Finally, the companies testing methods are hazardous and deadly, and endanger the animal?s life- if they do not die first. Animal testing should be stopped and ban from ever being done again. Animal testing is not a requirement and therefore it does not have to be done. There are alternatives to animal testing and yet we fail to see them. By stopping animal testing, you can save hundreds of thousands of animals a year. These animals do not deserve to be treaty so viciously. Stop animals testing and save a life.

Odysseus’ Obstacles

Epic heroes must overcome obstacles in order to prove themselves true heroes. In The Odyssey by Homer many of the obstacles Odysseus encounters are female, monsters, and seducers. Odysseus overcomes many female obstacles such as Scylla, Circe, Sirens, and Calypso. Ancient Greeks felt women were dangerous. Things would be different if Odysseus encountered more male obstacles because he would have just fought them and won. Odysseus has many experiences with female characters such as Scylla, Circe, Sirens, and Calypso. In order to overcome these obstacles Odysseus had to go threw many difficulties. He ended up having affairs with Calypso and Circe. To overcome these obstacles he left them for Penelope. When Odysseus was stranded on Circe’s island he tried to escape waiting for boats to save him. He came in contact with many other female characters also after he escaped. The ancient Greeks thought women were very dangerous and tempting. If Odysseus never came in contact with Calypso or Circe he would have never had any affairs. If those affairs never started Odysseus would not have had an affair with Calypso for seven years. He also would not have had an affair with Circe meaning he would have returned to Ithaca sooner. His affairs were part of the reason for his delay. Things would have been different if Odysseus encountered more male obstacles because he could have fought them and would have won but from what we see Odysseus did not believe in physical abuse toward women, so he was also sexist. He did not believe in killing or hitting women. Throughout the book the only women he killed were his maids because they had sexual relations with the suitors. Therefore he could not kill or hit Circe or Calypso because they were good to him. If Odysseus did not encounter so many female obstacles he would have gotten to Ithaca quicker but he was an epic hero therefore he had to prove himself a true hero.